中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
中央农村工作会议系列解读⑬保障粮食稳定安全重在调动农民积极性****** 作者:钟钰、李天祥 系中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;南京农业大学金善宝农业现代化发展研究院 2022年中央农村工作会议强调,保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给始终是建设农业强国的头等大事。全方位夯实粮食安全根基有赖于要素投入保障、科技支撑和政策支持,但农民作为种粮微观决策主体,直接决定着这些因素对于粮食生产的作用效果。 从发展与安全的关系看,保证农民种粮经济上获得社会平均利润,是制定粮食政策的基调,需要在“节本”“降本”“增效”三个层面协同发力。 节本需要适度经营、机械替代、科学减施并行 “节本”是指在不影响生产效果的前提下,提高规模经营水平,科学减少粮食生产要素投入数量。“节本”力求靶向精准。 一是推进多种形式规模经营,提升土地资源利用效率。总结推广“按户连片耕种”“一户一块田”等经验做法,通过完善承包关系,促进承包地集中连片;推广土地股份合作、联耕联种等规模经营模式,有条件的地方可实行“确权确股不确地”“确权确利不确地”,由村组集体统一经营或统一发包给新型经营主体。 二是加强农机装备攻关,提升薄弱环节农机化水平。围绕粮农生产需要,按照节本降耗的标准,加强国外先进农机研发和制造技术的引进消化,加快节水灌溉、精准施药、定位施肥、秸秆处理等技术装备的研制和推广。重点围绕双季稻机械化移栽、玉米籽粒机收等薄弱环节和丘陵山区、种业机械化短板,推广应用一批高适应性技术装备和全程机械化生产模式,实现农机农艺深度融合。 三是加强生产服务体系建设,推进生产要素集约化利用。运用市场化、多元化的服务创新,逐步让科学、精准、高效的生产技术进村、入户、到田,以提高单产、改善品质、降低物耗。大力支持和引导农民合作社、专业服务公司、专业技术协会、农民经纪人等为粮食生产经营提供低成本、便利化、全方位的服务。因地制宜发展单环节、多环节、全程生产托管,扩展农业分工经济。 降本需要合作组织、补贴支持、公共投资兼推 “降本”是指通过市场策略、政策支持和公共投资等,降低粮食生产要素投入价格,减少粮农投入成本。“降本”力求多元高效。 一是提升粮农的合作化和组织化程度,降低市场交易成本。充分发挥村集体经济组织和乡村精英的带动作用,把处于弱势地位的小农户按照平等、自愿、互助的原则组织起来,引导发展生产、供销、信用“三位一体”合作,助推构建互助共享的生产经营关系网络,提升小农户参与市场议价、融入大市场的能力。 二是优化粮食补贴政策与补贴方式,降低要素获取成本。一方面,扩大农机具购置补贴的覆盖范围和支持力度。将水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆等粮食作物生产所需机具全部列入补贴范围,应补尽补。另一方面,创新和完善农业保险和金融支持模式。推进主粮作物完全成本保险和种植收入保险“扩面、增品、提标”,鼓励商业保险机构开发更多更好的新产品。扩大粮食产业链的信贷投放规模,开辟信贷绿色通道,拓宽新型农业经营主体信贷抵押质押物范围等。 三是发挥公共投资对私人投入的替代效应,降低生产投入成本。包括加大高标准农田建设投资力度,创造规模经营和机械化作业条件,并将晒场、烘干等配套设施纳入投资建设范围;集中建成一批高效节水灌溉工程;加大农业科研、粮食储备、质量检测、市场促销等公共投资,改善流通领域基础条件和运行效率;以政府购买服务、服务补贴、项目资助等方式,提高粮农社会化服务可及性,减少私人支出成本。 增效需要延伸链条、优质优价、循环利用共振 “增效”是指通过延伸产业链条、鼓励优质优价、提高循环利用等,提升粮食生产附加值和经营收益。“增效”力求融合互促。 一是延伸产业链和价值链,让粮农更多分享增值红利。加快国家粮食安全产业带建设,打造粮食产业集群。按照有利于粮农分享增值收益的方向,重点培育各类粮油专业合作组织,探索和推动“龙头企业+专业协会+农户”“公司+粮油购销企业+农户”等不同形式的利益联结机制,切实提升粮农参与产业化经营的积极性和增收能力。 二是推进优质粮食工程升级,加快现代化粮食产业体系建设。着眼全产业链各环节,促进粮食优产、优购、优储、优加、优销“五优联动”,通过实施绿色仓储提升、品种品质品牌提升、质量追溯提升、机械装备提升、应急保障能力提升、节粮减损健康消费提升等“六大行动”,全面推动粮食产业链转型升级,向价值链中高端跃升。 三是提高粮食产品循环利用程度,提升综合经济效益。加快推动种养结合循环农业发展,推进农业废弃物资源化利用,通过推广应用低碳低耗、循环高效的绿色生产和加工技术,提高粮食综合利用率与产品附加值,提升粮食产业经济效益和种粮农民收益所得。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 开云彩票地图 |